Index: Anonymous Class Assign Hiding Implementing Inner Class Load Local Class Lock Member Class Member Class Obscuring Overriding Read Scope Shadowing Store Threads and Locks Use Unlock Write
Scope   The region of a program where the entity can be referred to using a simple name (unless it is shadowed)).
Shadowing   A declarations is shadowed in part of its scope by another declaration of the same name, so a simple name cannot refer to the declared entity. 
int x = 1;
{
  int x = 0;
}
Obscuring   The same name at times may be interpreted as a variable, a type or a package. Then a variable is preferred to a type, and a type is preferred to a package. 
Object x = 1;
{
  int Object = 0;
}
Hiding   A member of a subclass hides the member of a superclass having the same name. 
abstract class A {
  int b;
  static void c() {};
  void d() {};
  abstract String x();
};
class B extends A {
  byte b /* hides A.b */;
  static int c() { return 7; } /* hides A.c() */
  void d() {} /* overrides A.d() */
  String x() { return "X"; } /* implements A.x() */
};
Overriding   A method of a subclass overrides the (non-abstract) method of a superclass having the same name and signature.
Implementing   A non-abstract method of a subclass implements the abstract method of a superclass having the same name and signature.
Classes
Anonymous Class   A class declared and instantiated by an instance creation expression.
Inner Class   A non-staic nested class.
Local Class   A nested class that has a name and is not a member class.
Member Class   A class whose declaration is directly enclosed within another class or interface declaration.
Nested Class   A class declared within a body of another class.
Threads and Locks   To synchronize threads, Java uses monitors, which are allow only one thread at a time to execute a region of code protected by the monitor. The behavior of monitors is explained in terms of locks; there is a lock associated with each object.
Use   (thread) Transfers contents of variable's thread copy to the execution engine (instruction uses the value of a variable)
Assign   (thread) Transfers value from execution engine into the variable's thread copy (assignment instruction).
Read   (main memory) Transmits contents of variable's master copy to thread memory (to be used by load)
Load   (thread) Puts a value from main memory (read) into variable's thread copy
Store   (thread) transmits contents of variable's thread copy to main vmemory (to be used by write)
Write   (main memory) puts a value from thread memory (store) into variable's master copy
Lock   (thread tightly synchronized with main memory) causes a thread to acquire one claim on a particular lock
Unlock   (thread tightly synchronized with main memory) causes a thread to release one claim on a particular lock